"The five pillars of Islam" is a name used to signify the
five duties, or five central practices of Islam. These are:
The profession of faith (shahada), which in English may be translated as: "There is no God but Allah, and Mohammed is the Prophet of Allah";
Prayer (salah), which is to be conducted five times daily (at dawn, midday, mid-afternoon, sunset, and nightfall) and can last up to a half an hour; during prayer, shops and restaurants close;
Almsgiving (zakat);
Fasting (syam), which is to be performed by healthy adults, from dawn to dusk, during the holy month of Ramadan (some people are exempted, e.g., pregnant women);
Pilgrimage to Mecca (hajj), which must be done once by those who are fit enough, and financially able, to perform it.
